Symbol library
Every symbol, with how to say it.
Stuck on how to read ∇, ξ or ∈ out loud? Each page gives the spoken name, the meaning, real examples read aloud and how to type it.
Greek letters
All 24 letters, lower and upper case, and what each usually stands for.
α ΑAlphaAL-fuhβ ΒBetaBAY-tuh γ ΓGammaGAM-uhδ ΔDeltaDEL-tuhε ϵ ΕEpsilonEP-sih-lon ζ ΖZetaZAY-tuh η ΗEtaAY-tuh θ ΘThetaTHAY-tuh ι ΙIotaeye-OH-tuhκ ΚKappaKAP-uhλ ΛLambdaLAM-duhμ ΜMuMYOO ν ΝNuNYOO ξ ΞXiKSY or ZY ο ΟOmicronOM-ih-kronπ ΠPiPIEρ ΡRhoROHσ ΣSigmaSIG-muhτ ΤTauTAW υ ΥUpsilonOOP-sih-lon or UP-sih-lonφ ΦPhiFIE χ ΧChiKYE ψ ΨPsiSIGH ω ΩOmegaoh-MAY-guh
Operators and calculus
Sums, products, integrals, derivatives, roots and powers.
∑Summation (sigma notation)“the sum from i equals 1 to n of”∏Product (pi notation)“the product from i equals 1 to n of”∫Integral“the integral from a to b of”∂Partial derivative“the partial derivative of f with respect to x”∇Nabla (del)“del”√Square root“the square root of”∞Infinity“infinity”±Plus or minus“plus or minus”×Times and cross product“times”·Dot (dot product)“dot”!Factorial“factorial”′Prime“prime”d/dxDerivative (Leibniz notation)“d by d x”limLimit“the limit as x goes to a of”logLogarithm“log”⁻¹Inverse“inverse”ᵀTranspose“transpose”ⁿCₖBinomial coefficient“n choose k”∗Convolution“convolved with”
Relations
Equal, approximately, at most, proportional, given.
≈Approximately equal“is approximately”≠Not equal“is not equal to”≤Less than or equal to“is less than or equal to”≥Greater than or equal to“is greater than or equal to”∝Proportional to“is proportional to”≡Identical to (congruent)“is identical to”:=Defined as“is defined as”∼Tilde“is distributed as”|Vertical bar: given, divides“given”→Arrow: tends to, maps to“goes to”
Sets and logic
Membership, subsets, unions, number systems and quantifiers.
∈Element of“is in”⊆Subset“is a subset of”∪Union“union”∩Intersection“intersection”∅Empty set“the empty set”ℝReal numbers“the real numbers”ℕNatural numbers“the natural numbers”ℤIntegers“the integers”ℚRational numbers“the rational numbers”ℂComplex numbers“the complex numbers”∀For all“for all”∃There exists“there exists”⇒Implies, if and only if“implies”∴Therefore, because“therefore”∧Logical and, or, not“and”
Notation and constants
Accents, brackets, special constants and geometric signs.
x̂Hat“hat”x̄Bar“bar”|x|Absolute value“the absolute value of x”‖x‖Norm“the norm of x”⟨ , ⟩Inner product (angle brackets)“the inner product of x and y”⌊x⌋Floor and ceiling“the floor of x”eEuler's number e“e”iImaginary unit i“i”ħh-bar (reduced Planck constant)“h bar”°Degree“degrees”∠Angle“angle”⊥Perpendicular and parallel“is perpendicular to”⊗Tensor product“tensor”∘Function composition“composed with”ℓScript l“ell”
Never stumble over notation again.
Aethel reads every symbol in your textbooks and papers aloud, in context, as part of the sentence. Free to start: five books and an hour of narration.